ABSTRACT
Objective: Jo determine the effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on circulatory resis-tin and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1] levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] patients
Subjects and Methods: This was a 10-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of n-3 PUFAs [2,700 mg/day] versus placebo [soft gels containing 900 mg of edible paraffin]. Forty-four T2DM patients were supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and another 44 patients received placebo (3 patients discontinued the trial]. Serum resistin, MCP-1, and the lipid profile were measured before and after supplementation. The adi-ponectin-resistin index [1 + Iog[10] [resistin] - Iog10 [adiponec-tin]] and atherogenic index [Iog[10] triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol] of plasma [an indicator of cardiovascular complications] were assessed. The independent Student t test was used to assess the differences between the supplement and placebo groups and the paired f test to analyze the before/after changes
Results: In this study, n-3 PUFAs reduced serum MCP-1 levels [from 260.5 to 230.5 pg/ ml_;p = 0.002], but they remained unchanged in the placebo group, n-3 PUFAs could not decrease serum resistin levels. The adiponectin-resistin index was significantly reduced after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs when compared to theplacebo. The atherogenic index was also significantly improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs [from 1.459 to 1.412; p = 0.006]
Conclusions: The MCP-1 levels and lipid profile were improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, but resistin serum levels were not changed. Hence, the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs might be mediated by targeting MCP-1
ABSTRACT
Background: Health status of offspring is programmed by maternal diet throughout gestation and lactation. The present study investigates the lasting effects of maternal supplementation with different amounts of soy oil or extra virgin olive oil [EVOO] on weight and biochemical parameters during gestation and lactation of female mice offspring
Methods: Eight weeks old female C57BL/6 mice [n=40] were assigned through simple randomization into four isocaloric dietary groups [16% of calories as soy oil [LSO] or EVOO [LOO] and 45% of calories as soy oil [HSO] or EVOO [HOO]] during three weeks of gestation and lactation. After weaning [at 3 weeks], all offspring received a diet containing 16% of calories as soy oil and were sacrificed at 6 weeks. Two-way ANOVA was used to adjust for confounding variables and repeated measures test for weight gain trend. Statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS package
Results: At birth and adolescence, the weight of offspring was significantly higher in the soy oil than the olive oil groups [P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively]. Adolescence weight was significantly higher in the offspring born to mothers fed with 16% oil than those with 45% oil [P=0.001]. Serum glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly higher in the LSO than LOO [P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001], LSO than HSO [P<0.001, P=0.03 and P<0.001], and LOO than HOO [P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001] dietary groups, respectively. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly higher in the offspring of HSO than HOO fed mothers [P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively]
Conclusion: A maternal diet containing EVOO has better effects on birth weight, as well as weight and serum biochemical parameters in offspring at adolescence
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein A2 (APO A2) is the second most abundant structural apolipoprotein in high density lipoprotein. Several studies have examined the possible effect of APO A2 on atherosclerosis incidence. Due to the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, we aimed to determine the relationship between APO A2 -265T/C polymorphism and inflammation as a risk factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS: In total, 180 T2DM patients, with known APO A2 -265T/C polymorphism, were recruited for this comparative study and were grouped equally based on their genotypes. Dietary intakes, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers (i.e., pentraxin 3 [PTX3], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], and interleukin 18) were measured. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, a chi-square test, and the analysis of covariance. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding factors, in the entire study population and in the patients with or without obesity, the patients with the CC genotype showed higher hs-CRP (P=0.001, P=0.008, and P=0.01, respectively) and lower PTX3 (P=0.01, P=0.03, and P=0.04, respectively) in comparison with the T allele carriers. In the patients with the CC genotype, no significant differences were observed in the inflammatory markers between the obese or non-obese patients. However, regarding the T allele carriers, the plasma hs-CRP level was significantly higher in the obese patients compared to the non-obese patients (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: In the T2DM patients, the CC genotype could be considered as a risk factor and the T allele as a protective agent against inflammation, which the latter effect might be impaired by obesity. Our results confirmed the anti-atherogenic effect of APO A2, though more studies are required to establish this effect.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , Apolipoprotein A-II , Apolipoproteins , Atherosclerosis , C-Reactive Protein , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Genotype , Incidence , Inflammation , Interleukins , Lipoproteins , Obesity , Plasma , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Multiple Sclerosis [MS] is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to degeneration of the brain and spinal tissue. Imbalances of CD4+ T cells including Thelper1 [Th1]/Thelper2 [Th2] and Thelper17 [Th17]/Tregulatory [Treg], their secreted cytokines and gene expressions, are important aspects of in immunopathogenesis of MS. Vitamin A and its metabolites can regulate the immune system and appears to be effective in preventing progression of the autoimmune disease such as MS. Disease progression was evaluated By Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI], Expanded Disability States Scale [EDSS] and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite [MSFC] tests. Cytokine levels were measured using ELISA kits and gene expression was quantified by Real time PCR [RT-PCR] system. According to the difference between the epidemiological and clinical data on the relationship between vitamin A and immune system regulation, this study of the first time assesses Immune function as well as gene expression and progression of the disease following administration of vitamin A supplement
ABSTRACT
The present study was performed to determine relationship between maternal nutrition status and infants' birth weight. Maternal nutrition status was assessed by pre-pregnancy body mass index [BMI], weight gain, intake of iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy. This case-control study was included 46 cases [women who had delivered low birth weight infants] and 92 controls [women who had delivered infants with more than 2500 gr]. They were selected from population who received prenatal cares from health care centers in south of Tehran. Data were collected from present documents in the centers and completed by telephone interviewing. Then data were analyzed in spss!3 by t-test or chi[2]. Crude odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. There was no difference between maternal jobs, age, parity, birth interval, and delivery type in case and control groups. Weight gain [P<0.001] and intake of iron supplement [P<0.05] were less in cases as compared with control group. Weight gain during pregnancy was found to reduce risk factors for delivery LBW infants [OR-3.77,%95 CI: 1.7-8.1]. Suitable weigh gain and intake of iron supplement decrease the risk of low birth weight infants
ABSTRACT
To elucidate the role of vitamin D in the histopathological alterations process and K-ras gene mutation exon 1 of tissues including lung, stomach, esophagus, and testis, by the administration of urethane. An experimental study in inbred balb/c mice aged 9-11 weeks was designed. This investigation was performed from 2003 to 2005 in the Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. The samples were classified into 3 groups: the urethane group was characterized by intraperitoneal injection of 3 times urethane 600 mg/kg/day at 48 hour intervals. The second group U+D was given 3.5 mg/kg 6.3 mg/1000 ml vitamin D in the drinking water for 4 weeks following the same intake of urethane as the first group, and the third one was the control group. All mice were sacrificed after 20 weeks, tissues were removed and examined for histopathological changes and mutations in the exon 1 of the K-ras gene. Thirty mice were studied. The formation of lung tumor was, significantly, increased in the urethane group as compared with the control group p<0.005, however, such a difference was not found in the U+D and control groups. In addition, there was no significant difference between all groups in other examined tissues. There was no mutation in the exon 1 of K-ras gene of the lung adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and stomach metaplasia. Our results showed the anti-tumorigenic effect of vitamin D3 in lung tumors induced by urethane. Vitamin D may reduce the risks of a tumorigenic diet that includes high fermented foods and beverages that produce urethane in their process